Typical Components of a Building Management System (BMS)

A modern BMS integrates dozens of subsystems from HVAC and energy to fire safety and occupancy into one operational SCADA environment.

HVAC Systems

Air Handling Units (AHUs)
Fan Coil Units (FCUs)
VAV boxes
Heat pumps
Boilers & radiators
Room thermostats & sensors

Chillers & Cooling Plants

Chillers (air/water cooled)
Cooling towers
Primary/secondary pumps
Heat exchangers
Condenser water loops

Heating Plants

Boilers (gas, electric, biomass)
District heating interfaces
Heat exchangers
Pump groups

Ventilation & Air Quality

CO₂ & VOC sensors
Demand-controlled ventilation
Heat recovery units
Dampers & actuators

Electrical Systems

Main & sub electrical meters
UPS monitoring
Generator status
Lighting control (DALI, KNX)
Emergency lighting monitoring

Energy Management

Energy dashboards
Peak shaving
Demand response
Solar PV integration
Battery storage
Carbon reporting

Fire & Life Safety

Fire alarm panel interface
Smoke extraction fans
Fire damper control
Staircase pressurization
Sprinkler flow/pressure

Security Integration

Door status monitoring
Intrusion alarms
Camera feeds (view-only)
Intercom integration

Occupancy & Space Management

Occupancy sensors
People counting
Room/desk booking
Presence detection

Vertical Transport

Elevator status
Fault monitoring
Fire mode
Energy consumption

Water Systems

Domestic hot/cold water
Legionella prevention
Leak detection
Pump sets
Water meters

Special Systems

Laboratory fume hoods
Cleanroom pressure cascades
Server room cooling
Gas detection
Compressed air systems

The Supervisory Layer (the BMS itself)

Above subsystems appear in the supervisory platform — the BMS or SCADA — which provides:

Graphics & dashboards
Alarm management
Trend logging
Schedules
User management
Reporting
Integration drivers (BACnet, Modbus, OPC UA, KNX, M‑Bus)